1. Back-conversion from Cartesian to torsion angles is simple trigonometry and has no risk of cumulative errors . 2. Dead reckoning is subject to cumulative errors . 3. CS-BLAST detects 139 % more homologous proteins at a cumulative error rate of 20 % [ 2 ]. 4. After a long voyage, cumulative errors in dead reckoning frequently led to shipwrecks and a great loss of life. 5. Thus the mechanism did a kind of directional dead reckoning, which is inherently prone to cumulative errors and uncertainties. 6. Again, Sharp found no evidence of cumulative error because he had only found one error, and it was harmless. 7. Indeed, observation of this inherent, cumulative error in digital systems was the main catalyst for the development of chaos theory. 8. Early PRT vehicles measured their position by adding up the distance using odometers, with periodic check points to compensate for cumulative errors . 9. It also eliminates the cumulative errors inherent in the direct, R & D method when it is extended beyond the short-term horizon. 10. This design would have worked as a compass for short journeys, but would have suffered from cumulative errors if used for long ones.